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Understanding Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when blood clots form in the deep veins, usually in the legs. These clots can be extremely dangerous if they dislodge and travel through the bloodstream, potentially blocking blood vessels in the lungs, a condition known as pulmonary embolism. DVT affects up to 30,000 Australians each year and contributes to approximately 7% of all hospital-related deaths. Immediate medical attention is crucial if DVT is suspected.

Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

DVT symptoms often develop in the legs but can occur in any part of the body. Symptoms range from mild to severe, with the possibility of life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism. Some common signs to watch for include:

  • Swelling: This is most common in the foot, ankle, or leg, particularly on one side of the body.
  • Unexplained Pain: Discomfort or aching in the leg, which may intensify when moving or walking.
  • Warmth and Tenderness: The skin over the affected area may feel warm to the touch and become tender.
  • Redness: Inflammation often accompanies swelling and warmth.

Severe Symptoms (Possible Pulmonary Embolism):

In some cases, a DVT can lead to a pulmonary embolism, which is a medical emergency. If you experience the following symptoms, call 000 immediately:

  • Sudden shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Sharp chest pain
  • Irregular heartbeats or heart palpitations
  • Coughing up blood

Causes and Risk Factors of DVT

Several factors can increase your risk of developing DVT. Common causes include:

  • Surgery: Particularly those involving general anesthesia or orthopaedic procedures.
  • Prolonged immobility: Extended bed rest, sedentary work, or long flights can slow blood flow and contribute to clot formation.
  • Certain medications: Hormone replacement therapy, contraceptives, and cancer treatments can increase clotting risks.
  • Pregnancy and Postpartum: Hormonal changes and pressure on veins can lead to DVT.
  • Obesity: Excess body weight increases pressure on the veins.
  • Previous DVT or Blood Clots: A history of clots significantly raises the likelihood of recurrence.
  • Trauma or Injury to Veins: Direct trauma, surgery, or venous abnormalities can damage vein walls and trigger clotting.