Gout is a common form of arthritis that strikes suddenly, often causing intense pain and discomfort. This condition is caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to swelling and inflammation. While the big toe is most frequently affected, but it can also impact other joints, including the ankles, knees, wrists, and fingers.
According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, approximately 0.8% of Australians, or around 200,000 people, live with gout. The condition becomes more common with age, with 11% of men and 4.6% of women over 85 diagnosed with gout. Managing this condition effectively requires an individualised approach that takes into account factors like diet, genetics, and lifestyle.
At Pocket Doctor Telehealth, we offer virtual consultations to help individuals manage gout from the comfort of their homes. Our experienced General Practitioners (GPs) can provide guidance, diagnosis, and treatment options tailored to each patient’s needs.
What is Gout?
Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs when high levels of uric acid in the blood lead to the formation of sharp urate crystals in the joints. These crystals trigger inflammation and intense pain, particularly during a gout flare-up. While the big toe is the most commonly affected joint, gout can strike any joint in the body.
Symptoms
Recognising the early signs of gout is crucial for timely intervention and management.
Common symptoms include:
- Severe joint pain: Often in the big toe, but also in ankles, knees, wrists, and fingers.
- Swelling and tenderness: Particularly with touch or pressure on the affected joints.
- Limited range of motion: Due to joint pain and swelling.
- Red or purple skin: Discoloration over the affected area.
- Nighttime pain: Gout flares often occur at night, increasing discomfort.
Causes
Gout arises from a combination of factors, with diet, genetics, and lifestyle choices playing significant roles in its development.
Uric Acid and Gout
Uric acid is a natural waste product that forms when the body breaks down substances called purines, found in certain foods and drinks. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood and passes through the kidneys, but when the body produces too much or the kidneys fail to excrete enough, uric acid builds up, forming sharp crystals in the joints.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing gout, including:
- Diet: High consumption of purine-rich foods, such as red meat, seafood, and alcohol.
- Obesity: Being overweight can increase uric acid levels.
- Family history: A genetic predisposition can heighten the risk.
- Age and gender: Men over 30 and postmenopausal women are more likely to develop gout.
- Certain medications: Diuretics and drugs for high blood pressure can raise uric acid levels.
- Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can exacerbate the risk.
Diagnosing Gout
Diagnosing gout typically involves a combination of physical exams, lab tests, and imaging studies. A thorough examination is essential to confirm the diagnosis and develop a personalized treatment plan.
Physical Examination
During a consultation, a GP will assess the affected joint(s) for tenderness, swelling, and discoloration.
Laboratory Tests
Blood tests measuring uric acid levels can help confirm the presence of hyperuricemia, a key indicator of gout. Additionally, fluid from the affected joint may be analyzed for uric acid crystals.
Imaging
X-rays and ultrasounds are often used to detect the presence of urate crystals and assess joint damage.
Treatment
Managing gout involves addressing both acute symptoms during flare-ups and long-term strategies to prevent future attacks. A combination of lifestyle changes and medications is often required to manage the condition effectively.
Lifestyle Modifications
Lifestyle changes, including dietary adjustments, adequate hydration, weight management, and regular physical activity, are essential to reducing uric acid levels and preventing gout attacks.
- Diet: Limiting foods high in purines, such as red meat, organ meats, and alcohol, can help lower uric acid levels.
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps flush out uric acid.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity supports weight management and overall health.
Medications
Medications can play a critical role in managing the condition, both during acute flare-ups and for long-term prevention.
- NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce pain and inflammation during an attack.
- Colchicine: This medication helps reduce swelling and pain.
- Urate-lowering drugs: Medications like allopurinol are used to lower uric acid levels, preventing future attacks.
Complications
If left untreated, gout can lead to more serious health problems:
- Tophi formation: Hard lumps of uric acid crystals can develop under the skin, causing joint damage.
- Chronic inflammation: Persistent gout can lead to long-term joint damage and reduced mobility.
- Kidney problems: High uric acid levels can contribute to kidney stones and other kidney issues.
Get Help for Gout with Pocket Doctor Telehealth
If you’re struggling, our team of experienced GPs at Pocket Doctor Telehealth is here to help. We offer virtual consultations to diagnose and manage gout, providing personalised treatment plans to improve your quality of life.
Book a GP Today
Don’t let gout control your life. Speak with a GP from the comfort of your home. Book a GP appointment with Pocket Doctor Telehealth and take control of your health today.